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Two-wire 4-20mA bromine sensor for swimming pools drinking water and sea water
1. Bromine as a source of disinfection byproducts
During water treatment, especially when using chlorine or ozone for
disinfection, bromine can react with chlorine or ozone to form
brominated disinfection byproducts. Common brominated disinfection
byproducts include bromate (BrO₃⁻) and brominated organic
compounds, such as bromoform, which may have adverse effects on
human health and the environment. Testing the concentration of
bromine in water helps to: monitor the formation of byproducts to
avoid exceeding their concentrations; reduce the generation of
byproducts by optimizing the disinfection process.
2. Interaction between bromine and chlorine
During the chlorination disinfection process, bromine in water
reacts with chlorine to form bromine chlorides (such as
chlorobromide), which affect the disinfection effect and may cause
the generation of byproducts. Monitoring the bromine concentration
in water helps to: ensure the disinfection efficiency of chlorine;
understand the effect of bromine on the disinfection process to
adjust the amount and contact time of chlorine.
3. Effects of bromine on water quality
The presence of bromide in water has a certain impact on water
quality, especially on the chemical properties of water. High
concentrations of bromine may affect the pH value, chemical
stability and reactivity of water with other substances. Detecting
the concentration of bromine helps to assess the overall water
quality and take necessary treatment measures.
4. Bromine as an indicator of pollutants
In some cases, bromine is an indicator of certain pollution
sources. For example, the discharge of certain industrial
wastewater, seawater or substances containing bromide into water
bodies will lead to an increase in the concentration of bromine in
water. Monitoring the concentration of bromine in water can serve
as an early indicator of the presence of pollutants, helping water
treatment plants to discover and respond to potential sources of
pollution.
5. Impact on water health and ecology
High concentrations of bromine or its compounds may have an impact
on aquatic ecosystems. Excessive concentrations of byproducts such
as bromate in water may be toxic to aquatic organisms, especially
fish and invertebrates. By monitoring the concentration of bromine
in water, potential risks to the ecological environment can be
assessed and corresponding protective measures can be taken.
6. Regulations and standard requirements
In some countries and regions, bromide and brominated disinfection
byproducts in water are strictly regulated, and monitoring the
concentration of bromine is an important means to ensure that water
quality meets regulatory requirements.
7. Bromine as a substitute in the disinfection process
Bromine is sometimes used as a substitute for disinfectants. In
some specific water treatment processes, bromine is used to replace
chlorine or in combination with it. For this purpose, testing the
bromine concentration in water helps to evaluate its disinfection
effect and safety, and ensure the reliable operation of the water
treatment system.
The BR1MA bromine sensor uses a three-electrode system to measure free bromine (HOBr) and 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (BCDMH). It is used in swimming pools, drinking water, service, process and seawater. It reduces pH dependence, tolerates surfactants, and has a pressure resistance of 0.5 bar.
Specifications
BR1 | |
Indicator | Bromine |
Application | Drinking water, swimming pool water, service water, process water, sea water |
Bromine agents | Free bromine (HOBr) 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5.5-dimethyl-hydantoin (BCDMH) |
Measuring system | Membrane covered, amperometric potentiostatic 3-electrode system |
Electronic | Analog version: - voltage output - not galvanically isolated electronics - analog internal data processing - output signal: analog (analog-out/analog) Digital version: - electronic is completely galvanically isolated - digital internal data processing - output signal: analog (analog-out/digital) or digital (digital-out/digital) mA-version: - current output analog - not galvanically isolated electronics - output signal: analog (analog-out/analog) |
Information about the measuring range | The actual slope of a sensor can vary production-related between 65% and 150% of the nominal slope Note: With a slope > 100% the measuring range is reduced accordingly. (Ex.: 150% slope → 67% of the specified measuring range) |
Working temperature | Measuring water temperature: 0 … +45 °C (no ice crystals in the measuring water) |
Ambient temperature: 0 … +55 °C | |
Temperature compensation | Automatically, by an integrated temperature sensor Sudden temperature changes must be avoided |
Max. allowed working pressure | Operation without retaining ring: - 0.5 bar - no pressure impulses and/or vibrations |
Operation with retaining ring in flow cell: - 0.5 bar, - no pressure impulses and/or vibrations (see option 1) | |
Flow rate (Incoming flow velocity) | Approx. 15-30 L/h (33 – 66 cm/s) in flow cell |
pH-range | pH 6.5 – pH 9.5, highly reduced dependence on pH – value (see diagram last page “relative dependence on pH”) |
BR1 | |||
Run-in time | First start-up approx. 2 h | ||
Response time | T90: approx. 2 min | ||
Zero point adjustment | Not necessary | ||
calibration | At the device, by analytical determination of the bromine concentration Recommendation depending on bromine agent: - Free bromine DPD1 - method - BCDMH DPD4 - method | ||
Cross sensitivities/ interferences | Cl2: is also measured ClO2: is also measured O3: is also measured Corrosion inhibitors can lead to measuring errors. Stabilisers for water hardness can lead to measuring errors. | ||
Absence of the disinfectant | Max. 24 h | ||
Connection | mV version: 5-pole M12, plug-on flange Modbus version: 5-pole M12, plug-on flange 4-20 mA version: 2-pole terminal or 5-pole M12, plug-on flange | ||
Max. length of sensor cable (depending on internal signal processing) | Analog | < 30 m | |
Digital | > 30 m are permissible Maximum cable length depends on application | ||
Protection type | 5-pole M12 plug-on flange: IP68 2-pole terminal with mA- hood: IP65 | ||
Material | Microporous hydrophilic membrane, PVC, PEEK ,stainless steel 1.4571 | ||
Size | Diameter: approx. 25 mm Length: mV version: approx. 190 mm (analog signal processing) approx.. 205 mm (digital signal processing) Modbus version: approx. 205 mm 4-20 mA version: approx. 220 mm (2-pole-terminal) approx. 190 mm (5-pole-M12) | ||
Transport | +5 … +50 °C (Sensor, electrolyte, membrane cap) |
BR1 | |
Storage | Sensor: dry and without electrolyte no limit at +5 … +40 °C |
Electrolyte: in original bottle protected from sunlight at +5 … +35 °C min. 1 year or until the specified EXP-Date | |
Membrane cap: in original packing no limit at +5 … +40 °C (used membrane caps can not be stored) | |
Maintenance | Regularly control of the measuring signal, min. once a week The following information highly depends on the water quality: Change of the membrane cap: once a year Change of the electrolyte: every 3 - 6 months |
Option 1: Retaining ring | - When operating with pressures >0.5 bar in flow cell - Dimensions retaining ring 29 x 23.4 x 2.5 mm, slitted, PETP - Different positions for groove selectable (on request) |
Technical Data
1. BR1 (analog output, analog internal signal processing)
Measuring range in ppm | Resolution in ppm | Output Output resistance | Nominal slope (at pH 7.2) in mV/ppm | Voltage supply | Connection | |
BR1H-M12 | 0.005…2.000 | 0.001 | analog 0…-2000 mV 1 kΩ | -1000 | ±5 - ±15 VDC 10 mA | 5-pole M12 plug-on flange Function of wires: PIN1: measuring signal PIN2: +U PIN3: -U PIN4: signal GND PIN5: n. c. |
BR1N-M12 | 0.05…20.00 | 0.01 | -100 |
(Subject to technical changes!)
- The power supply is galvanically isolated inside of the sensor.
- The output signal is galvanically isolated too, that means potential-free.
Measuring range in ppm | Resolution in ppm | Output Output resistance | Nominal Slope (at pH 7.2) in mV/ppm | Power supply | Connection | |
BR1H-An-M12 | 0.005…2.000 | 0.001 | analog 0…-2 V (max. -2.5 V) 1kΩ | -1000 | 9-30 VDC approx. 20-56 mA | 5-pole M12 plug-on flange Function of wires: PIN1: measuring signal PIN2: +U PIN3: power GND PIN4: signal GND PIN5: n. c. |
BR1N-An-M12 | 0.05…20.00 | 0.01 | -100 | |||
BR1H-Ap-M12 | 0.005…2.000 | 0.001 | analog 0…+2 V (max. +2.5 V) 1kΩ | +1000 | ||
BR1N-Ap-M12 | 0.05…20.00 | 0.01 | +100 |
(Subject to technical changes!)
- The power supply is galvanically isolated inside of the sensor.
- The output signal is galvanically isolated too, that means potential-free.
Measuring range in ppm | Resolution in ppm | Output Output resistance | Power supply | Connection | |
BR1H-M0c | 0.005…2.000 | 0.001 | Modbus RTU There are no terminating resistors in the sensor. | 9-30 VDC approx. 20-56 mA | 5-pole M12 plug-on flange Function of wires: P IN1: reserved PIN2: +U PIN3: power GND PIN4: RS485B PIN5: RS485A |
BR1N-M0c | 0.05…20.00 | 0.01 |
(Subject to technical changes!)
A potential-free electrical connection is necessary as the sensor electronic is not equipped with a galvanical isolation.
Measuring range in ppm | Resolution in ppm | Output Output resistance | Nominal slope (at pH 7.2) in mA/ppm | Voltage supply | Connection | |
BR1MA-2 | 0.005 … 2.000 | 0.001 | analog 4…20 mA uncalibrated | 8.0 | 12…30 VDC RL = 50Ω (12V)… 900Ω (30V) | 2-pole terminal (2 x 1 mm²) Recommended: Round cable φ 4 mm 2 x 0.34 mm² |
BR1MA-5 | 0.05 … 5.00 | 0.01 | 3.2 | |||
BR1MA-10 | 0.05 … 10.00 | 0.01 | 1.6 | |||
BR1MA-20 | 0.05 … 20.00 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
(Subject to technical changes!)
Measuring range in ppm | Resolution in ppm | Output Output resistance | Nominal slope (at pH 7.2) in mA/ppm | Voltage supply | Connection | |
BR1MA-2-M12 | 0.005 … 2.000 | 0.001 | analog 4…20 mA uncalibrated | 8.0 | 12…30 VDC RL = 50Ω (12V)… 900Ω (30V) | 5-pole M12 plug-on flange Function of wires: PIN1: n. c. PIN2: +U PIN3: -U PIN4: n c. PIN5: n. c. |
BR1MA-5-M12 | 0.05 … 5.00 | 0.01 | 3.2 | |||
BR1MA-10-M12 | 0.05 … 10.00 | 0.01 | 1.6 | |||
BR1MA-20-M12 | 0.05 … 20.00 | 0.01 | 0.8 |
(Subject to technical changes!)
Spare Parts
Type | Membrane cap | Electrolyte | Emery | O-ring |
All BR1 | M48.2 Art. No. 11047 | ECP1.4/GEL, 100 ml Art. No. 11006.1 | S1 Art. No. 11908 | 14 x 1.8 NBR Art. No. 11806 |
(Subject to technical changes!)