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Electrophoretic equipment is a device that makes charged particles migrate and deposit in electric field . It is widely used in various fields, such as automobile, household appliances and corrosion resistant coating of iron and steel.
Electrophoretic coating process is accompanied by electrolysis,
electrophoresis, electrodeposition, electroosmosis and other four
electrochemical physical phenomena, these phenomena are briefly
described as follows:
Electrolysis: The decomposition of any conductive liquid when
energized is called electrolysis. A well-known example is the
electrolysis of water which can be split into hydrogen and oxygen.
Electrophoresis equipment generally electrolysis is accompanied by
the escape of gas at one or two electrodes, where oxidation and
reduction reactions are carried out respectively. In the process of
electrophoresis, water is electrolysed, hydrogen is released on the
cathode, oxygen is released on the anode, and the metal anode
produces a dissolution, dissolving metal ions.
Electrophoresis: Positively charged colloidal resin particles and
pigment particles in a conductive medium are moved towards the
cathode by the electrophoresis process under the action of an
electric field.
Electrodeposition: The precipitation of paint particles on the
electrode is called electrodeposition. In cathodic electrophoretic
coating, positively charged particles condense on the cathode and
negatively charged particles (ions) gather on the anode. The first
step in electrodeposition is the electrochemical decomposition of
water (electrolysis). If the PH of the tank is neutral, the
reaction on the cathode is to form hydrogen and hydroxide ions
(OH-). This reaction results in the formation of a highly alkaline
interface layer in the cathode surface region. The coating is
deposited when cations (resins and pigments) react with hydroxide
ions to become insoluble.
Electroosmosis: The coating film just deposited on the surface of
the coated material is a semi-permeable film, under the continuous
action of the electric field, the water contained in the coating
film is seeped out from the coating film to the tank liquid, so
that the coating film dehydration, this phenomenon is called
electroosmosis. Electroosmosis changes the hydrophilic film into a
hydrophobic film and densifies the film due to dehydration. The wet
coating film of electroosmotic electrophoretic coating can be
touched by hand and does not stick to hands. The bath liquid
attached to the wet coating film can be washed away with water.
1. Electrophoresis power supply
Output voltage: Generally between 50-1000V, different
electrophoresis processes and workpiece requirements are different,
such as car body electrophoresis often uses 300-500V.
Output current: range from tens of amps to thousands of amps, such
as small hardware electrophoresis may only need tens of amps, large
bus body electrophoresis requires thousands of amps.
2. The temperature control range of the electrophoresis tank:
generally 25-35 ℃, maintained by the temperature control system,
the temperature affects the stability of the electrophoresis paint
and the coating effect.
3. Circulation filtration system
Circulation flow: The volume of electrophoresis liquid circulated
every hour, generally 3-4 times the volume of the electrophoresis
tank/hour, to ensure uniform composition of the electrophoresis
liquid. Filtration accuracy: usually in 1-50μm, common 5μm, 10μm,
to ensure the electrophoresis solution clean, prevent impurities
from affecting the quality of the coating.
4. Ultrafiltration system
Ultrafiltration membrane area: Determine the processing capacity of
the ultrafiltration system, from a few square meters to dozens of
square meters, the larger the area, the stronger the processing
capacity.
5. Drying equipment
Drying temperature: generally 160-180 ° C, different
electrophoretic paint requirements are different, such as acrylic
electrophoretic paint drying temperature may be 140-160 ° C. Drying
time: usually 20-30 minutes, related to temperature, workpiece
size, coating thickness.