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The STRO system has the characteristics of detachable reverse osmosis unit, simple system installation and maintenance, small equipment footprint and can be placed in a container for movement. It is very suitable for small-scale landfill leachate treatment.
Definition and Overview:
STRO (Super Thin Reverse Osmosis) is an ultra-thin reverse osmosis
device, which is a high-efficiency water treatment device based on
the principle of reverse osmosis. It uses a special reverse osmosis
membrane to purify water, which can effectively remove impurities
such as salt, organic matter, and microorganisms in the water, and
plays an important role in many water treatment fields.
Working Principle:
Similar to traditional reverse osmosis equipment, STRO is also
driven by pressure difference. When the incoming water contacts the
ultra-thin reverse osmosis membrane under high pressure, due to the
semi-permeability of the membrane, water molecules can pass through
the membrane, while solutes in the water (such as salt ions,
organic molecules, colloidal particles, etc.) are retained. The
ultra-thin reverse osmosis membrane in the STRO device has a
special structure and performance. Its membrane thickness is
relatively thin, which makes it easier for water molecules to pass
through, so that an efficient reverse osmosis process can be
achieved at a lower pressure. For example, when treating
high-salinity industrial wastewater, water passes through the STRO
membrane under appropriate pressure, the salt is blocked on one
side of the membrane, and the fresh water passes through the
membrane to the other side.
Main components:
Membrane assembly:
The core of STRO is its ultra-thin reverse osmosis membrane
assembly. These membrane assemblies are usually in a roll or hollow
fiber structure. The roll membrane assembly is a carefully wound
ultra-thin reverse osmosis membrane, a guide net and a central
tube. Water enters from the outside of the membrane. Under
pressure, water molecules pass through the membrane into the
central tube, and impurities are trapped on the outside of the
membrane. The hollow fiber membrane assembly is composed of many
hollow fiber membranes. Water enters from the outside of the fiber
membrane and pure water is obtained inside the fiber membrane. The
design of this membrane assembly enables the equipment to purify
water efficiently.
High-pressure pump:
Provides the necessary power for the reverse osmosis process. It
can generate high enough pressure to enable the influent to
overcome the osmotic pressure and pass through the ultra-thin
reverse osmosis membrane. Depending on the different influent water
quality and treatment requirements, the pressure of the
high-pressure pump is generally between 1-10MPa. For example, in
seawater desalination applications, due to the high osmotic
pressure of seawater, a higher pressure (usually around 5-7MPa) may
be required to push seawater through the STRO membrane.
Pretreatment system:
Including mechanical filters (such as quartz sand filters),
activated carbon filters, etc. Quartz sand filters are mainly used
to remove larger suspended particles in water, such as mud, rust,
etc. It is filled with quartz sand inside, and when water passes
through, the suspended matter is intercepted by quartz sand
particles. Activated carbon filters remove organic matter, residual
chlorine, odor and some heavy metals in water through the
adsorption of activated carbon, providing better quality water for
the subsequent reverse osmosis process.
Post-treatment system (configured according to specific needs):
May include pH adjustment device, ultraviolet sterilizer, ion
exchange resin bed, etc. If the pH value of the reverse osmosis
effluent does not meet the requirements, the pH value can be
adjusted by adding acid-base regulator. Ultraviolet sterilizer is
used to kill residual bacteria and microorganisms in the water to
ensure the microbial safety of the effluent. When preparing
ultrapure water, the ion exchange resin bed can further remove the
trace ions remaining in the water, making the water purer.
Performance characteristics:
High separation efficiency:
The STRO equipment has a high removal rate of various impurities in
water. The removal rate of salts can usually reach more than 95% -
99%, and it also has excellent removal effects on impurities such
as organic matter and microorganisms. For example, when treating
chemical wastewater, it can effectively remove heavy metal ions and
organic pollutants in the wastewater, so that the treated water
quality meets the discharge standard or reuse standard.
Strong anti-pollution ability:
Due to the special structure and material of its ultra-thin reverse
osmosis membrane, the STRO device has good anti-pollution
performance. The membrane surface is relatively smooth and not easy
to be attached by pollutants, and it can reduce the accumulation of
dirt through a certain self-cleaning mechanism during operation.
This enables the equipment to maintain stable operation for a long
time when treating complex water quality (such as wastewater
containing high concentrations of organic matter, colloids, etc.),
reducing the number of frequent membrane cleaning.
High flux:
The amount of liquid (flux) passing through the STRO membrane per
unit time is large. Compared with some traditional reverse osmosis
equipment, under the same pressure and water quality conditions,
the STRO equipment can treat more water, thereby improving the
treatment efficiency. For example, in industrial wastewater
treatment, a higher flux can speed up wastewater treatment and
reduce treatment costs.
Relatively low operating pressure:
Thanks to the characteristics of the ultra-thin reverse osmosis
membrane, the STRO device can operate at a relatively low pressure
in some cases. This not only reduces the energy consumption of the
equipment, but also reduces the requirements for components such as
high-pressure pumps, prolongs the service life of the equipment,
and also helps to reduce operating costs.
Wide range of applications:
It can be applied to a variety of water treatment fields, including
industrial wastewater treatment (such as wastewater from the
chemical, printing and dyeing, electroplating, papermaking and
other industries), seawater desalination, drinking water
purification, food processing wastewater treatment, etc. Whether it
is high-salinity wastewater, high-organic wastewater or
micro-polluted water source, the STRO device can play its
purification role.
Application field:
Industrial wastewater treatment:
In the chemical industry, it is used to treat wastewater containing
high concentrations of salts and organic pollutants. The water
resources in it can be recovered through the STRO device, while
reducing pollution to the environment. In the printing and dyeing
industry, it can remove impurities such as dyes and auxiliaries in
the printing and dyeing wastewater, so that the treated water can
be reused, reducing the water cost of printing and dyeing
enterprises.
Desalination:
As an efficient desalination technology, STRO equipment can separate salt and other impurities from seawater to produce fresh water for drinking or industrial production. In coastal areas and islands, it provides an effective solution to the problem of fresh water shortage. Drinking water
purification:
It can remove harmful substances such as heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, etc.), bacteria, viruses, pesticide residues, etc. in water to improve the quality of drinking water. In rural areas, for contaminated groundwater or surface water, STRO equipment can purify it into safe drinking water.
Food processing industry:
It is used to treat wastewater in the food processing process, remove organic matter, microorganisms and other impurities, and realize the recycling of water resources, reducing wastewater discharge and water resource waste in food processing enterprises.