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The reverse osmosis wastewater reuse system is an efficient water treatment technology that converts wastewater into reusable water resources through multiple steps. The following is the detailed working principle and components of the system:
1. Pretreatment: Before the reverse osmosis process, the wastewater
is first pretreated to remove large particles, suspended matter and
some chemicals. The depth of pretreatment should be determined
based on the membrane material, the structure of the membrane
module, the quality of the raw water, the quality requirements of
the produced water and the recovery rate. The inlet water
temperature range is 5-45℃ at pH 2-10, and the operating
temperature should be less than 35℃ when the pH value is greater
than 10[^0^].
2. Microfiltration and ultrafiltration: As part of pretreatment,
microfiltration and ultrafiltration systems can remove smaller
particles and some microorganisms. Microfiltration can remove
suspended particles, bacteria, some viruses and large-scale
colloids, while ultrafiltration can remove colloids, proteins,
microorganisms and large molecular organic matter[^1^].
3. Nanofiltration: In some cases, nanofiltration (NF) may be used
as a step before reverse osmosis to remove multivalent ions, some
monovalent ions, and organic matter with a molecular weight of 200
to 1000 Daltons. Nanofiltration helps remove hardness, color, and
radioactive radium from well water, and partially removes soluble
salts[^2^].
4. Reverse osmosis (RO): The core treatment step, removing soluble
salts and organic matter with a molecular weight greater than 100
Daltons through a semipermeable membrane. Reverse osmosis membranes
are usually made of cellulose acetate, polysulfonates, and
polyamides, and can remove up to 98% of total dissolved solids
(TDS)[^3^].
5. Post-treatment: Water treated by reverse osmosis may require
further chemical treatment or physical filtration to meet specific
water quality standards.
6. Control system: The reverse osmosis system includes an
electrical control system that is easy to operate, sensitive and
reliable in control, and should stop immediately in the event of a
fault, with automatic protection function[^5^].
7. Chemical cleaning system: The system should have a chemical
cleaning system or interface, and a segmented cleaning function to
maintain the long-term performance of the membrane[^6^].
8. Effluent water supply system: The effluent of the reverse
osmosis system enters the reuse water pool, and a constant pressure
variable frequency water supply pump is set to ensure stable water
supply[^7^]. The design and operation of the reverse osmosis
wastewater reuse system need to consider multiple factors,
including the source of the wastewater, water quality, treatment
objectives and reuse requirements. Through this system, wastewater
can be effectively treated, water waste can be reduced, and a
positive impact on the environment can be achieved. If you need,
please contact us for communication