ISO 834-1 Horizontal Fire Resistance Test Furnace for Building Components and Construction Materials

Horizontal Fire Resistance Test Furnace

Product introduce

Horizontal furnaces are critical for evaluating the fire resistance of building components like floors, roofs, beams, and ceilings, ensuring they meet safety requirements under fire exposure. The ISO 834 series provides a framework for testing these elements, with ISO 834-1 setting general requirements and parts like ISO 834-5 and ISO 834-6 specifying conditions for horizontal separating elements and beams. EN 1363-1 and EN 1365-2 are European standards that align closely with ISO, focusing on floors, roofs, and beams, ensuring compliance with EU building regulations. BS 476-20, 21, and 22 are widely used in the UK, covering both loadbearing and non-loadbearing elements like floors and ceilings, offering flexibility for UK-specific applications. UL 263 and UL 1709 are North American standards, applied to test floors, roofs, and protected steel beams under standard and rapid-rise fire conditions, respectively, ensuring compliance with stringent U.S. building codes. These standards are applied in industries to certify construction materials for buildings, ensuring safety in residential, commercial, and industrial structures by testing loadbearing capacity, integrity, and insulation under simulated fire conditions.

Standard

ISO 834-1: Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements for testing building components like walls, floors, roofs, beams, columns, doors, and ceilings in a standard fire exposure.
ISO 834-2: Requirements and recommendations for measuring furnace exposure on test samples.
ISO 834-5: Specific requirements for loadbearing horizontal separating elements, such as floors and roofs.
ISO 834-6: Specific requirements for beams tested in horizontal furnaces.
ISO 834-9: Specific requirements for non-loadbearing ceiling elements.
ISO 834-10: Requirements for testing fire protection materials applied to structural steel elements.
ISO 834-11: Assessment of fire protection for structural steel elements.
ISO 834-13: Requirements for testing fire protection on steel beams with web openings.
EN 1363-1: Fire resistance tests — General requirements, widely used in Europe for testing building elements like floors, roofs, and beams under standard fire conditions.
EN 1365-2: Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements — Part 2: Floors and roofs, specifically for horizontal furnace applications.
EN 1365-3: Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements — Part 3: Beams, applicable to horizontal furnace setups.
EN 13381-4: Test methods for determining the contribution of fire protection to steel elements, including horizontal beams.
EN 13381-9: Test methods for fire protection applied to steel beams with web openings, used in horizontal furnaces.
BS 476-20: Fire tests on building materials and structures — Method for determination of fire resistance of elements of construction (general principles), applicable to horizontal furnace testing.
BS 476-21: Fire tests on building materials and structures — Methods for determination of fire resistance of loadbearing elements, including floors, roofs, and beams.
BS 476-22: Fire tests on building materials and structures — Methods for determination of fire resistance of non-loadbearing elements, such as ceilings.
UL 263: Standard for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, used primarily in North America for testing floors, roofs, beams, and other components in horizontal furnaces.
UL 1709: Standard for Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel, applicable to horizontal furnace testing for steel elements under intense fire conditions.

Note: ISO 834-3, 4, 7, 8, 12, and 14 are less relevant for horizontal furnaces as they focus on vertical elements, columns, or smaller-scale furnaces, but are included in the ISO series for completeness.

Application

Floors

Load-bearing floors: include concrete slabs, reinforced concrete slabs, and composite floors (such as steel-concrete composite slabs).
Non-load-bearing floors: include lightweight floor systems, wooden floors, or prefabricated floor panels.
Floor coverings: include carpets and floor finishing materials (tested in conjunction with the floor system).
Applicable standards: ISO 834-5, EN 1365-2, BS 476-21, and UL 263.

Roofs

Load-bearing roofs: include concrete roofs, steel roofs, and composite roof systems.
Non-load-bearing roofs: include lightweight roof panels and roof covering materials.
Roof components: include waterproofing layers, insulation layers, and roof decking (tested in conjunction with the roof system).
Applicable standards: ISO 834-5, EN 1365-2, BS 476-21, and UL 263.

Beams

Load-bearing beams: These include steel beams, concrete beams, wooden beams, and composite beams (such as steel-concrete composite beams).
Fire-protected beams: These include steel beams coated with fire-retardant paint or encased in fire-retardant materials.
Perforated beams: These include beams with open holes, which are tested for fire protection performance.
Applicable standards: ISO 834-6, ISO 834-10, ISO 834-13, EN 1365-3, EN 13381-4, EN 13381-9, BS 476-21, UL 263, and UL 1709.

Ceilings

Non-load-bearing ceilings: These include suspended ceiling systems and decorative ceiling panels.
Fire-rated ceilings: These are ceilings used to separate spaces or protect overhead structures (such as gypsum board ceilings and mineral wool board ceilings).
Ceiling components: These include ceiling frames, ceiling panels, and insulation materials. Applicable Standards: ISO 834-9, BS 476-22, EN 1365-2 (partially applicable), UL 263.

Service Installations

Ventilation Ductwork: Testing its integrity and thermal insulation performance in fire conditions.
Pipe Systems: Such as fire ducts and cable ducts.
Applicable Standards: ISO 834-1 (General Requirements), EN 1363-1, BS 476-20.

Other Components

Horizontal Separation Components: Such as horizontal fire separation systems between floors and roofs.
Fire Protection Materials: Such as spray-applied fire retardant coatings and fireproofing panels used to protect steel beams or floor systems.
Composite Structures: Such as steel-concrete composite structures and lightweight sandwich panels.
Applicable Standards: ISO 834-10, ISO 834-11, EN 13381-4, UL 1709.

Specifications:

Furnace Type: Horizontal Load-Bearing Test Furnace (50T);
Furnace Dimensions: L4.5m x W4.0m x D2.0m;
Number of Loading Points: 4 points;
Loading Force and Control Method: Single-point 8T; Proportional relief valve linear loading, continuous constant loading <1.5%;
Fuel Type:
Fuel Calorific Value: Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Natural Gas 22,000 Kcal/m³;
Fuel Pressure: 0.03-0.07 MPa;
Exhaust Gas Temperature: <400°C (with cold air);
Furnace Wall Temperature Rise: <50°C ±1°C above room temperature (excluding burners and areas around the observation window);
Insulation: Refractory wool for the top and walls; Refractory bricks for the bottom;
Number of Burners: 10 sets;
Thermocouples: 20 for the furnace chamber; 1 for calibration; 32 for backplate temperature;
Combustion Power: 4500 kW;
Gas Consumption: Full load: 167 kg/h; actual: 96 kg/h
Combustion Control: 1:25 linear combustion
Maximum Deformation: ≤ L0/30
Data Acquisition and Processing: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), high-precision temperature acquisition card, ±0.1°C
Pipeline Testing: Can test both A and B pipelines simultaneously

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