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The two wires that make up the thermocouple pair are made from a range of different alloys and metals and have been standardised by both international and national bodies.
K-type thermocouple wire (composed of nickel chromium nickel aluminum alloy) is one of the
most commonly used temperature sensors in industry and scientific
research, and its advantages are mainly reflected in the following
aspects:
1. Wide temperature range
Applicable temperature:
Standard range:- 200 ° C to+1250 ° C (short-term height measurement
up to 1370 ° C).
Covering most industrial scenarios, it can be used from
low-temperature refrigeration to high-temperature melting.
Comparative advantages:
More versatile than J-type (-40 ° C~750 ° C) and T-type (-200 °
C~350 ° C), suitable for high temperature requirements;
Compared to precious metal thermocouples (such as R/S type, up to
1600 ° C), it has lower cost and higher cost-effectiveness.
2. High cost-effectiveness
Low material cost:
Made of inexpensive nickel based alloys (positive electrode: nickel
chromium; negative electrode: nickel aluminum), the cost is
significantly lower than that of precious metal thermocouples such
as platinum rhodium.
Low maintenance cost:
Strong durability, longer lifespan in oxidative environments, and
reduced replacement frequency.
K-type thermocouple wire is a common type of thermocouple composed
of two different metal alloys: nickel/silicon alloy (usually
referred to as KN or KNX) and nickel/chromium alloy (usually
referred to as KP or KPX).
These two alloys have different thermoelectric properties at
different temperatures, which can generate a thermoelectric
potential difference for temperature measurement. The working
temperature range of K-type thermocouple wires is usually between 0
° C and 1200 ° C, and it is one of the commonly used temperature
sensors in many industrial and laboratory applications.
They have good linear characteristics and relatively high accuracy,
and their stability at high temperatures is relatively good, so
they are widely used in some high-temperature environments.
The connectors of K-type thermocouple wires often use standard
K-type plugs, allowing them to be connected to various temperature
measuring devices, control systems, recorders, etc., facilitating
temperature measurement and data acquisition. Due to the
reliability and applicability of K-type thermocouple wires, they
are widely used in various industries such as metallurgy,
petrochemicals, energy production, and food processing
What differentiates one thermocouple from another is the metals in its two wires: the positive leg and the negative leg. Because each thermocouple type has a different pairing, they differ in temperature limits, process conditions (inert, oxidizing, reducing atmospheres, heavy vibration), and so on.
Conductor Name | Thermocouple Type | Grade | Temperature range ℃ | Allowable Tolerance /℃ |
PtRh30-PtRh6 | B | Ⅱ | 600~1700 | ±0.25% t |
Ⅲ | 600~800 | ±4 | ||
800~1700 | ±0.5%t | |||
PtRh13-Pt | R | Ⅰ | 0~1100 | ±1 |
1100~1600 | ±[1+(t-1100) ×0.3%] | |||
Ⅱ | 0~600 | ±1.5 | ||
600~1600 | ±0.25% t | |||
PtRh10-Pt | S | Ⅰ | 0~1100 | ±1 |
1100~1600 | ±[1+(t-1100) ×0.3%] | |||
Ⅱ | 0~600 | ±1.5 | ||
600~1600 | ±0.25% t | |||
NiCr-Ni | K | Ⅰ | -40~1100 | ±1.5℃ or ±0.4%t |
Ⅱ | -40~1300 | ±2.5℃ or ±0.75%t | ||
Ⅲ | -200~40 | ±2.5℃ or ±1.5%t | ||
NiCrSi-NiSi | N | Ⅰ | -40~1100 | ±1.5℃ or ±0.4%t |
Ⅱ | -40~1300 | ±2.5℃ or ±0.75%t | ||
Ⅲ | -200~40 | ±2.5℃ or ±1.5%t | ||
NiCr-CuNi (Constantan) | E | Ⅰ | -40~1100 | ±1.5℃ or ±0.4%t |
Ⅱ | -40~1300 | ±2.5℃ or ±0.75%t | ||
Ⅲ | -200~40 | ±2.5℃ or ±1.5%t | ||
Fe-CuNi (Constantan) | J | Ⅰ | -40~750 | ±1.5℃ or ±0.4%t |
Ⅱ | -40~750 | ±2.5℃ or ±0.75%t | ||
Cu-CuNi (Constantan) | T | Ⅰ | -40~350 | ±0.5℃ or ±0.4%t |
Ⅱ | -40~350 | ±1.0℃ or ±0.75%t | ||
Ⅲ | -200~40 | ±1.0℃ or ±1.5%t |